Meet the 33-year-old Canadian chemist and the renowned MIT professor who are building the ‘electric vehicle of cement making’

While Leah Ellis was incomes her doctorate at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, she was a part of a workforce that did battery analysis for Tesla. After she graduated, her budding profession took an uncommon flip.

“I could have gotten an easier job with my background in battery materials — a lot of my colleagues go work for Tesla or Apple. I could have done that, … and I would have made more money at first,” Ellis, 33, informed CNBC by telephone Wednesday.

Instead, Ellis utilized for and received a prestigious Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship that granted her two years’ wage to work with whomever she needed.

Ellis took her Ph.D. in electrochemistry and went to work for Yet-Ming Chiang, a famend materials sciences professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology who can also be a serial clean-tech entrepreneur. Chiang co-founded corporations corresponding to American Superconductor Corporation, A123 Systems, Desktop Metal, Form Energy and 24M Technologies.

Now Ellis is working to scale up a brand new climate-conscious course of of creating cement, one powered with electrochemistry as a substitute of fossil fuel-powered warmth.

Making cement utilizing electrochemistry was Chiang’s concept, Ellis informed CNBC in Boston on the finish of May. Ellis stated she labored with Chiang in 2018, simply after he had began Form Energy, a long-duration battery firm, and he was fascinated with the considerable intermittent vitality that was being generated by renewable vitality sources corresponding to wind.

“Sometimes people will pay you to take energy off their hands,” Ellis informed CNBC. “Instead of putting that energy in a battery, what if we can use this extra low-cost renewable energy to make something that would otherwise be very carbon-intensive? And then the first on the list of things that are carbon-intensive — it’s cement.”

Cement is a crucial ingredient in concrete, which is the cornerstone of worldwide building and infrastructure, as a result of it is low-cost, sturdy and sturdy. Four billion metric tons, which is the equal of fifty,000 totally loaded airplanes, of cement is produced annually, in keeping with a 2023 report from administration consulting firm McKinsey. The worth of the market was $323 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to achieve $459 billion by 2028, in keeping with SkyQuest Technology Consulting.

Cement powder is conventionally made by crushing uncooked supplies, together with limestone and clay, mixing with elements corresponding to iron and fly ash, and placing all of it right into a kiln that heats the elements as much as about 2,700 levels Fahrenheit. That course of of creating cement generates roughly 8% of worldwide carbon dioxide emissions, that are a number one trigger of worldwide warming.

When Chiang had the concept to affect cement manufacturing, he turned to Ellis. “He’s super busy, so he was like, ‘Go off and figure it out,'” Ellis informed CNBC.

So she did.

In 2020, Ellis and Chiang co-founded Sublime Systems to refine and scale up the electrochemical course of they created for making cement.

Sublime has raised $50 million from some main clean-tech buyers, together with Chris Sacca’s LowerCarbon Capital and Boston-based, MIT spin-out enterprise agency The Engine; from Siam Cement Group, a number one cement and constructing supplies firm in Asia; and through a few grants from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, or ARPA-E, program.

Ellis likes to explain what they’re doing as creating the “electric vehicle of cement making.” An electrical automobile replaces a combustion engine with an electrical motor, and that is what Sublime Systems does within the cement-making course of.

“I think for the layperson, it’s easiest for them to understand how we take that high-temperature, fossil-driven process and replace it with something that is powered by electrons. And we’re using electrons to push these chemical reactions,” Ellis informed CNBC by telephone Wednesday. “That happens at an ambient temperature below the boiling point of water,” she stated, and that may be a crucial differentiator.

Ellis stated she did not know a lot about cement when Chiang bade her to go work out methods to make low-carbon cement. She began by studying Wikipedia, after which textbooks. Then she labored with one other Ph.D. pupil doing analysis that was later printed in scientific journal articles on the subject. That led to the idea for what Sublime is doing now, and he or she’s continued to refine that idea ever since.

“And basically just haven’t stopped,” Ellis informed CNBC. “It’s been five years.”

Ellis has at all times been curious. “I grew up pretty nerdy, I guess, reading a lot of books,” she stated. “I always had that thirst for knowledge and a sense of adventure.”

She additionally grew up in a non secular family. Her father is an Orthodox Jewish rabbi from Texas, her mom grew up on a sheep farm in South Africa, and the 2 met once they have been each in Israel. “Jerusalem has more than enough rabbis. So he moved to eastern Canada, where they don’t have a lot of rabbis,” Ellis informed CNBC of her father’s transfer. Her household celebrated and inspired having a strong mental life.

Ellis and one in every of her two youthful sisters ended up getting their doctorates in chemistry.

“Both of us realize that chemistry is a very creative subject; it’s also a very difficult subject. And I think we both sort of gravitate to things that are challenging,” Ellis informed CNBC.

When mastered, chemistry can be utilized to impact change. “It has a lot of creative power to make things happen in the real world,” Ellis stated. “It’s almost like magic. If you work really hard on it, you can create things that make the world a better place.”

Battery scientists and cement producers haven’t traditionally labored collectively. “Cement typically sits in civil engineering, and battery science normally sits in chemistry or physics,” Ellis stated. “They don’t go to the same conferences.”

But with Sublime Systems, Ellis and Chiang are bringing these two fields collectively.

That framework of utilizing electrochemistry to drive reactions that after occurred with very popular fossil fuel-powered reactions isn’t unique to cement.

“It’s a huge tool. I don’t think Sublime is the only one that’s applying electrochemistry to clean tech. I think the best way we have to get around fossil fuels is to use electrons,” Ellis informed CNBC.

“The electrochemical way is often more efficient,” she stated. “Heating things up to make them go is often not as efficient as electrochemistry, which is a bit more surgical, a bit more efficient — or at least can be more efficient with the right processes.”

That basic vitality effectivity is why Chiang is assured of their answer.

“Decarbonizing cement production is going to be a very tough task. There will be numerous approaches, all of which have challenges and most of which deserve to be tested,” Chiang informed CNBC. “I prefer to face our challenges because we see a pathway to complete decarbonization at cost parity with today’s cement while consuming the least amount of energy. In the long run, the lowest-energy process usually wins.”  

“On the whole, the industry is highly motivated to go green,” Mark Mutter, the founding father of Jamcem Consulting, an impartial cement business consultancy, informed CNBC. Motivations to go inexperienced are highest for producers positioned in components of the world corresponding to Europe, the place there’s a worth on carbon dioxide emissions at round 80 euros (virtually $88) per metric ton. That’s “a big financial penalty for producers and it gives them an incentive to invest” in inexperienced cement tech, Mutter informed CNBC.

That’s one cause buyers are placing cash behind Sublime.

“Customers are lining up to partner with Sublime because they can supply fossil-free cement at a time when the rest of the industry are all struggling to hit emissions targets and comply with carbon tariffs,” Clay Dumas, companion at LowerCarbon Capital, informed CNBC.

“For Lowercarbon, their omnipresence and medieval production techniques are precisely the qualities that make building materials such an irresistible opportunity,” Dumas informed CNBC.

Some cement producers are carbon seize applied sciences as a solution to handle their greenhouse fuel emissions. But “this is highly costly, and in some respects is just business as usual and burying the problem for future generations,” Mutter informed CNBC.

Sublime is making clear cement with out the costly additive of carbon seize and storage applied sciences, which is enticing as a result of it retains prices low, stated Katie Rae, CEO at The Engine. “Producing decarbonized cement directly, rather than doing carbon capture, drives both energy efficiency and eventual cost parity,” Rae informed CNBC. 

Dumas stated Sublime has “the most elegant chemistry, which runs on electricity at ambient temperatures while emitting zero carbon. That means they have no need for big ovens or costly CO2-capture systems that would drive up capex.”

Siam Cement Group seems to be at 1000’s of corporations and makes solely “a few” investments a 12 months, Timothy McCaffery, a enterprise investor at SCG, informed CNBC. For SCG, what’s enticing about Sublime is that it avoids the difficult and costly carbon seize expertise and works with current infrastructure.

“We have seen that Sublime Systems could disrupt the industry. The company produces a cement at room temperature that can drop into the existing ready mix supply chain and meets American Society for Testing and Materials standards,” McCaffery informed CNBC. American Society for Testing and Materials is the physique that creates take a look at requirements and protocols that producers use to check their supplies towards.

Sublime accomplished its pilot plant on the finish of 2022 and spent just a few months on high quality management measures. Now, Ellis is concentrated on getting the product to companions, and the corporate hopes to do its first building challenge by the tip of the 12 months. The subsequent step is to go from the 100-ton pilot plant to a 30,000-ton-per-year demonstration plant.

While Sublime is simply getting ramped up, Ellis is aware of velocity is crucial within the race to decarbonize. “My mission is to have a swift and massive impact on climate change,” she informed CNBC in Boston.

It’s an audacious aim, and whereas Ellis has credentialed chemistry chops, that is her first time being the boss of an organization.

“I suppose I am aware of my age. And I’m also humble about that. I’m a first-time founder. I’m a first-time CEO,” Ellis informed CNBC. “I figure things out as I do them. And I’m really lucky to have great mentors and support and people who believe in me, and, I think, who recognize the fact that I have a lot of energy, and I have a lot of passion. And I’m going to work as hard as I can for as long as I can to make this happen.”

Ellis is aware of methods to maintain herself going, too. She makes positive she will get good sleep and he or she stays energetic. She’s run seven marathons. She’s a cycler, and as soon as cycled throughout Africa in about 4 months with a bunch, a visit that averaged out to driving greater than 60 miles a day. She additionally participates in a “fitness cult” that climbs the Harvard stadium stairs each Sunday.

“I’m not a fast runner at all. I’m not a fast cyclist either,” Ellis informed CNBC. “I just know how to toe that effort line to just like maintain the same effort for a very long time, and to keep my own spirits up.”

For Chiang, constructing options retains him shifting ahead.

“It’s been about 15 years since the words ‘climate change’ entered the lexicon. It’s been a gift, and very energizing, to have potentially impactful solutions to pursue, as opposed to sitting and fretting,” Chiang informed CNBC. 

“I believe climate change has pushed all of us into an extremely fertile, creative period that will be looked back on as a true renaissance. After all, we’re trying to re-invent the technological tools of the industrial revolution. There’s no shortage of great problems to work on!  And time is short.”