Why use of AI is a major sticking point in the ongoing writers’ strike

Could AI quickly write your favorite Hollywood movie or streaming present? That concern is without doubt one of the points driving a US movie and tv writers’ strike that has halted many productions nationwide.

The Writers Guild of America (WGA), a labour union representing writers who primarily work in movie and tv, started the work strike this month after reaching an deadlock in negotiations with the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers that represents the US leisure business. Part of the disagreement revolves round a WGA proposal to ban the business from utilizing AIs equivalent to ChatGPT to generate story concepts or scripts for movies and exhibits – the union needs to make sure that such applied sciences don’t undermine writers’ compensation and writing credit.

“The fear is that AI could be used to produce first drafts of shows, and then a small number of writers would work off of those scripts,” says Virginia Doellgast at Cornell University in New York.

The WGA has additionally proposed that any scripts coated by the union’s collective bargaining settlement can’t be used to coach AIs. There has already been broader resistance in opposition to tech firms scraping on-line content material without cost to coach giant language fashions and different generative AIs on textual content and pictures initially created by people.

Hollywood studios on the opposite aspect of the negotiating desk embrace firms equivalent to Walt Disney Studios and Warner Bros. Studios, together with streaming providers equivalent to Netflix, Apple TV+ and Amazon Prime Video. The business rejected the preliminary WGA proposal and countered with a proposal to carry annual conferences to debate new technological modifications.

“This is a pretty weak commitment – the writers would have little power in those discussions to influence how the technologies are used,” says Doellgast. “The studios don’t want to negotiate hard limits on how they will use AI.”

The Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers issued a press release on 4 May saying that “AI raises hard, important creative and legal questions for everyone”. It additionally famous that the earlier and now-expired settlement with the WGA already outlined a author as a “person” and would exclude AI from receiving a writing credit score.

The writers’ strike comes at a time when the separate union representing actors and different efficiency artists can be seeking to regulate attainable makes use of of AI, together with utilizing AI to simulate actor performances or digitally edit filmed facial expressions and sync new audio to individuals’s lips.

“The WGA’s demands are a bellwether that workers don’t intend to stand for companies using AI to justify devaluation of their craft and expertise,” says Sarah Myers West on the AI Now Institute in New York. “The WGA is pointing out an important question – who is benefiting from the development and use of these systems, and who is harmed by them?”

Workers in different industries – equivalent to accounting and IT assist, customer support and software program programming – are already seeing firms use AI to automate components of their jobs and typically even to switch human staff. By comparability, writers “have a strong union backing them up and solidarity from other creative workers in their industry”, together with increased particular person bargaining energy and in-demand abilities, says Doellgast.

Beyond the AI situation, the writers’ strike can be targeted on how the shift in viewing habits from TV broadcast networks to streaming providers has impacted writers’ revenue and job safety, says Doellgast. For instance, writing jobs are actually sometimes primarily based on shorter seasons with fewer episodes for exhibits produced by platforms equivalent to Netflix or Amazon Prime Video.

Companies have typically received out in historic labour conflicts over technological automation of human work. But there have been circumstances the place staff stood their floor: for instance, within the Sixties unions representing US dock staff negotiated for employment safety in opposition to tech-driven downsizing and a pension fund for early employee retirement.

It could also be tough to cease the eventual use of AI in artistic fields like TV and filmmaking. But within the case of the writers’ strike, an amicable settlement granting the WGA extra management over how AI is utilized in scriptwriting may be sure that writers reap some advantages, even when a part of their work will get automated, says Simon Johnson on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

“The short-term key is who will control AI – labour or capital,” says Johnson. “If capital controls it, labour will lose big time and fast.”